1、吸附工藝

1. Adsorption process

吸附法主要適用于低濃度氣態(tài)污染物的凈化，對于高濃度的有機(jī)氣體，通常需要首先經(jīng)過冷凝等工藝將濃度降低后再進(jìn)行吸附凈化。吸附技術(shù)是為經(jīng)典和常用的氣體凈化技術(shù)，也是目前工業(yè)VOCs治理的主流技術(shù)之一。吸附法的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)是吸附劑、吸附設(shè)備和工藝、再生介質(zhì)、后處理工藝等。

The adsorption method is mainly applicable to the purification of low concentration gaseous pollutants. For high concentration organic gases, it is usually necessary to first reduce the concentration through condensation and other processes before adsorption purification. Adsorption technology is a classic and commonly used gas purification technology, and is also one of the mainstream technologies for industrial VOCs treatment. The key technologies of adsorption method include adsorbent, adsorption equipment and process, regeneration medium, post-treatment process, etc.

活性炭因其具有大比表面積和微孔結(jié)構(gòu)而廣泛應(yīng)用于吸附回收有機(jī)氣體。目前，對活性炭吸附有機(jī)氣體的研究主要集中在吸附平衡的預(yù)測、活性炭材料的改性及有機(jī)物的物化性質(zhì)對活性炭吸附性能的影響。

Activated carbon is widely used for adsorption and recovery of organic gases due to its large specific surface area and microporous structure. At present, research on the adsorption of organic gases on activated carbon mainly focuses on predicting adsorption equilibrium, modifying activated carbon materials, and the impact of the physicochemical properties of organic matter on the adsorption performance of activated carbon.

各種材料吸附效果

Adsorption effect of various materials

2、冷凝工藝

2. Condensation process

油品在儲運(yùn)和銷售過程中部分輕烴組分揮發(fā)進(jìn)入大氣，造成資源浪費(fèi)和環(huán)境危害。同時(shí)有機(jī)溶劑廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，每年都有大量的有機(jī)溶劑揮發(fā)到空氣中，危害人類健康，造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染。采取合適的方法回收這些揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物不但可以降低企業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本，而且具有巨大的環(huán)保效益。

During the storage, transportation, and sales of oil products, some light hydrocarbon components evaporate into the atmosphere, causing resource waste and environmental harm. At the same time, organic solvents are widely used in industrial production. Every year, a large amount of organic solvents evaporate into the air, posing a threat to human health and causing serious environmental pollution. Adopting appropriate methods to recover these volatile organic compounds can not only reduce production costs for enterprises, but also have significant environmental benefits.

冷凝法是用來回收VOCs的一種有效方法，其基本原理是利用氣態(tài)污染物在不同的溫度和壓力下具有不同飽和蒸汽壓，通過降低溫度和增加壓力，使某些有機(jī)物凝結(jié)出來，使VOCs得以凈化和回收。

The condensation method is an effective method for recovering VOCs. Its basic principle is to utilize gaseous pollutants with different saturation vapor pressures at different temperatures and pressures. By reducing temperature and increasing pressure, certain organic compounds are condensed out, enabling VOCs to be purified and recovered.

3、燃燒工藝

3. Combustion process

一類VOCs處理方法是所謂破壞性技術(shù)，即通過化學(xué)或生物的技術(shù)使VOCs轉(zhuǎn)化為二氧化碳、水以及氯化氫等無毒或毒性小的無機(jī)物。燃燒法即屬此類技術(shù)。

One type of VOCs treatment method is called destructive technology, which converts VOCs into non-toxic or less toxic inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide, water, and hydrogen chloride through chemical or biological techniques. The combustion method belongs to this type of technology.

燃燒法分直接燃燒法和催化燃燒法。直接燃燒法適合處理高濃度VOCs的廢氣，因其運(yùn)行溫度通常在800-1200℃時(shí)，工藝能耗成本較高，且燃燒尾氣中容易出現(xiàn)二惡英、NOx等副產(chǎn)物；由于廢氣中VOCs濃度一般較低，僅僅依靠反應(yīng)熱，一般難以維持反應(yīng)所需的溫度。

The combustion method is divided into direct combustion method and catalytic combustion method. The direct combustion method is suitable for treating waste gas with high concentration of VOCs, as its operating temperature is usually between 800 and 1200 ℃, resulting in high process energy consumption costs and the easy occurrence of by-products such as dioxins and NOx in the combustion exhaust gas; Due to the generally low concentration of VOCs in the exhaust gas, it is generally difficult to maintain the required temperature for the reaction solely relying on the reaction heat.

為了提高熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性，人們開展了大量的研究，一個(gè)方向是改進(jìn)催化劑的性能使反應(yīng)溫度降低。另一個(gè)方向是研究新的工藝技術(shù)、新的反應(yīng)器設(shè)計(jì)以使反應(yīng)能在較高的溫度下自熱地實(shí)現(xiàn)。

In order to improve thermal economy, a large amount of research has been conducted, with one direction being to improve the performance of catalysts and reduce reaction temperatures. Another direction is to study new process technologies and reactor designs to enable the reaction to be self heated at higher temperatures.

噴漆廢氣的治理

Treatment of Spray Painting Waste Gas

目前對于噴漆廢氣的治理，一般采用前端過濾除去漆霧，然后再除去其中的易揮發(fā)性廢氣組份的三段組合凈化方式。后續(xù)催化燃燒的凈化效率在97%左右。而采用活性炭吸附法，可以控制活性炭層的厚度，保證活性炭吸附凈化效率穩(wěn)定在90%以上。

At present, for the treatment of paint exhaust gas, a three-stage combination purification method is generally adopted, which involves filtering the paint mist at the front end and then removing the volatile components of the exhaust gas. The purification efficiency of subsequent catalytic combustion is around 97%. By using the activated carbon adsorption method, the thickness of the activated carbon layer can be controlled to ensure a stable purification efficiency of over 90%.

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